linux Server Monitoring Commands

[Jisin Joseph]

Here you will get all Good tricks and tips how to monitor Linux Server or how to manage Linux Server if its causing load,  How to find Spammer, how to check http and mysql processes.

General Commands

To check server load and which users are logged on the server with IP address you can fire this command
w

To check for the server load and watch for process
top
top –d2
top –c d2

Memory status
free –m

To see all processes running on the server
ps –aufx

With above commands you can which process is causing load on the server after that you can go with next steps.
If you see many processes of exim then you can check exim in more detail. shows the total no of email in qmail
exim –bpc

Print a listing of the messages in the queue
exim -bp

Following command will show path to the script being utilized to send mail
ps -C exim -fH eww
ps -C exim -fH eww | grep home
cd /var/spool/exim/input/
egrep "X-PHP-Script" * -R

Shows no of frozen emails
exim -bpr | grep frozen | wc -l

To remove FROZEN mails from the server
exim -bp | exiqgrep -i | xargs exim -Mrm
exiqgrep -z -i | xargs exim –Mrm

Check for spamming if anybody is using php script for sending mail through home
tail -f /var/log/exim_mainlog | grep home
If anyone is spamming from /tmp
tail -f /var/log/exim_mainlog | grep /tmp

To display the IP and no of tries done bu the IP to send mail but rejected by the server.
tail -3000 /var/log/exim_mainlog |grep ‘rejected RCPT’ |awk ‘{print$4}’|awk -F\[ '{print $2} '|awk -F\] ‘{print $1} ‘|sort | uniq -c | sort -k 1 -nr | head -n 5

Shows the  connections from a certain ip to the   SMTP server
netstat -plan|grep :25|awk {‘print $5′}|cut -d: -f 1|sort|uniq -c|sort -nk 1

To shows the domain name and the no of emails sent   by that domain
exim -bp | exiqsumm | more

If  spamming from outside domain then you can block that domain or email id on the server
pico /etc/antivirus.exim
Add the following lines:
if $header_from: contains “name@domain.com”
then
seen finish
endif
Catching spammer
Check mail stats
exim -bp | exiqsumm | more

Following command will show you the maximum no of email currently in the mail queue have from or to the email address in the mail queue with exact figure.
exim -bpr | grep “<*@*>” | awk ‘{print $4}’|grep -v “<>” | sort | uniq -c | sort -n

That will show you the maximum no of email currently in the mail queue have for the domain or from the domain with number.
exim -bpr | grep “<*@*>” | awk ‘{print $4}’|grep -v “<>” |awk -F “@” ‘{ print $2}’ | sort | uniq -c | sort -n
Check if any php script is causing the mass mailing with
cd /var/spool/exim/input
egrep “X-PHP-Script” * -R

Just cat the ID that you get and you will be able to check which script is here causing problem for you.
To Remove particular email account email
exim -bpr |grep “ragnarockradio.org”|awk {‘print $3′}|xargs exim -Mrm

If Mysql causing the load so you can use following commands to check it.
mysqladmin pr
mysqladmin -u root processlist
mysqladmin version
watch mysqladmin proc

If Apache causing the load so check using following commands.
netstat -ntu | awk ‘{print $5}’ | cut -d: -f1 | sort | uniq -c | sort –n
netstat -an |grep :80 |wc –l
netstat -n | grep :80 | wc -l;uptime ; netstat -n | wc –l
netstat –tupl
pidof httpd
history | netstat
lsof -p pid

If mysql is causing load so you can check it using following commands.
mysqladmin -u root processlist
mysqladmin version
watch mysqladmin proc
mysqladmin -u root processlist

Other Useful Commands

To check ipd of php
pidof php
lsof  -p pid
netstat -an |grep :80 |wc –l
netstat -ntu | awk ‘{print $5}’ | cut -d: -f1 | sort | uniq -c | sort -n
netstat -na |grep :80 |sort

Use below mentioned command to get top memory consuming processes
ps aux | head -1;ps aux –no-headers| sort -rn +3 | head

Use below command to get top cpu consuming processes
ps aux | head -1;ps aux –no-headers | sort -rn +2 |more

You can check if any backup is going on, run the following commands
ps aux | grep pkg
ps aux | grep gzip
ps aux | grep backup

We can trace the user responsible for high web server resource usage by the folowing command
cat /etc/httpd/logs/access_log | grep mp3
cat  /etc/httpd/logs/access_log | grep rar
cat  /etc/httpd/logs/access_log | grep wav etc
cat /etc/httpd/logs/access_log | grep 408 can be used to check for DDOS attacks on the server.
cat  /etc/httpd/logs/access_log | grep rar

Hope this will help you..